Texas Fort-Overland Trail
Chambers/Visitors Bureaus
Cross Timbers
18-Anglin, W. B. |
34-Bean Visitor Center, Judge
Roy | 18-Brown-Dorsey Medallion Home
| 23-Brown,W. H. | 2-Buffalo
Trails | 15-Buffalo Wallow, Old
| 7-Butterfield Mail and Stage Line
| 15-Cable Tool Rig | 16-Caprock,
The | 27-Castle Gap | 27-Castle
Mountain | 10-Castle Peak | 42-Cattle
Trail, Near Route of Famous | 22- Chadbourne,
Fort | 22-Chadbourne, C. S. A., Fort
| 35-Chihuahua Trail and Escondido Water
Hole | 32-Chisum, John S.; Confederate
Beef Contractor | 25-Colorado, C.
S. A., Camp | 25-Colorado Guardhouse,
Camp | 25-Colorado, Ruins of Camp
| 2-Comanche Village Massacre | 15-Comanche
War Trail | 35-Comstock-Ozona Stage
Stand, Site of | 31-Concho, Fort
| 31-Concho, Administration Building of
the Fort | 31-Concho, Chapel and School
House of Fort | 31-Concho National
Historic Landmark, Fort | 31-Concho,
Officers Quarters No. 2, Fort | 31-Concho,
Officers Quarters No. 4, Fort | 31-Concho,
Officers Quarters No. 8, Fort | 13-Coronado's
Camp, In Vicinity of | 30-Coughlin's
Stage Stand, Site of | 26-Crane County
| 35-Crockett County | 35-Crockett
County Museum | 35-Crockett, David
| 15-Dawson Saloon, Site of the
| 39-Dixie Settlement | 30-Dove
Creek Battle | 30-Dove Creek Battlefield
| 15-Ector County | 40-Edwards
County | 20- Elizabeth, Camp
| 17-Emigrant Trail | 31-Enlisted
Men's Barracks, #5 | 31-Enlisted
Men's Barracks, #6 | 19-Glasscock County
| 35-Government Road, Old | 2-Green,
William Marion | 29-Grierson Spring
| 2-Heart of West Texas Museum | 1-Heritage
Museum | 26-Horsehead Crossing, C.
S. A. | 26-Horsehead Crossing of
the Pecos | 35-Howard's Well |
11-Indian Battle, Near Site of | 9-Indian
Fight, Vicinity of | 10-Indian Fight,
Vicinity of | 22-Indian Rock Shelters
| 30-Irion County | 30-Irion
County Museum | 8-Jim Ned Creek
| 27-King Mountain | 35-Lancaster,
C. S. A., Fort | 35-Lancaster, Ruins
of Fort | 36-Lancaster State Historical
Park, Fort | 42-Leakey Cemetery
| 17-LeGrande Survey | 15-Livery
Stable and Wagon Yard, Site of Old | 4-Lone
Wolf Mountain | 40-Mackenzie Trail
| 18-Marcy Trail | 42-Marshall,
C. S. A., Private Frank | 29-Martin-Castillo
Expedition | 23-Maverick, Samuel
| 42-McLauren, Catherine R. | 42-McLauren
Massacre, Site of | 2-McMurray, Y. D.
| 27-Mendoza Trail | 27-Mendoza
Trail Museum | 18-Midland County
| 18-Midland County Historical Museum
| 18-Midland Man | 37-Miers
Home Museum | 33-Mission San Clemente,
Site of | 2-Mitchell County | 11-Mountain
Pass Station | 12-Mulberry Canyon
| 18-Museum of the Southwest | 6-Nolan
County | 16-Odessa | 21-Panther
Gap | 15-Parker House Ranching Heritage
Museum | 24-Parker Cabin, Nancy
| 15-Permian Basin | 27-Permian
Basin, Early Humble Camp in | 23-Pickettville,
Site of | 32-Pictograph Site in
Texas, Largest | 39-Pioneer Coalsons,
The | 6-Pioneer Museum | 15-Prairie
Dog | 15-Presidential Museum
| 24-Ranger Campsite | 24-Ranger
Campsite Water Well | 24-Ranger Peak
| 28-Rankin Museum | 29-Reagan
County | 42-Real County | 42-Real
County Historical Museum | 5-Renderbrook
Ranch | 2-Ruddick Park | 23-San
Clemente Mission | 41-San Lorenzo
de La Santa Cruz | 3-Seven Wells |
40-Smith, Clinton LaFayette |
21-Southern Overland Mail, 1858-1861
| 22-Southern Overland Mail, Route of
the | 20-Sterling County | 40-Stopping
Place on the Fort Clark-Fort McKavett Military Road | 15-Sublett,
Site of Homestead of William C. | 37-Sutton,
Colonel John S. | 37-Sutton County
| 31-Tenth Cavalry | 34-Terrell
County | 34-Terrell County Memorial Museum
| 34-Terrell, General Alexander W. |
38-Terrett Headquarters, Fort | 38-Terrett,
Site of Fort | 30-Texas Civil War
Indian Trouble | 28-Upton County
| 28-Upton, John C. and His Brother,
W. F. Upton | 14-Valley Creek Station
| 41-Wood, Site of Camp
More County Historical Markers and Museums
Coke County Historical Markers
Coke County Museums
Concho County Historical Markers
Runnels County Historical Markers
Schleicher County Historical
Markers
Schleicher County Museums
Tom Green County Historical
Markers
Tom Green Museums
Markers Related to Map
HOWARD COUNTY
Museum Name: Heritage Museum
Mailing Address: 510 Scurry
City: Big Spring
Zip Code: 79720
Area Code: 915
Phone: 267-8255
County: Howard
MITCHELL COUNTY
2-Markers in Colorado City
Marker Title: Buffalo Trails
Address: Third and Chestnut St.
City: Colorado City
County: Mitchell
Year Marker Erected: 1967
Marker Location: On ground behind Museum; Third and Chesnut, Colorado
City.
Marker Text: These tracks, originally formed in soft dirt, are taken
from an ancient buffalo trail which once guided herds to water at
Champion Creek (6 miles south). Thousands of buffalo running single
file pounded trails like this deep into the ground. When any one route
became too deep, they started another, over the years making many
side by side. Trails to grazing areas radiated from watering holes.
Migratory trails stretched from the Rio Grande to Canada, usually
following high, level ground in order to avoid winter snowdrifts and
summer muck. Brothers J. Wright and John Mooar, Mitchell County businessmen
and famous buffalo hunters, helped to kill thousands (including a
white buffalo), 1870 to 1877. Chief product was the hide, but tongues,
humps, and hams were also sold. Buffalo were so plentiful that in
1872 Mooar saw a northward migration of millions taking over 6 weeks
to cross the Arkansas River. In their time, buffalo trails aided the
Indians, who followed them to the animals feeding grounds. Later,
explorers blazed new roads along them, and railroad engineers more
than once used their exact routes. In this way, the buffalo trail
was a key to the opening of transportation and settlement across the
U.S. (1967)
Marker Title: Comanche Village Massacre
Address: Houston and Sixth St.
City: Colorado City
County: Mitchell
Year Marker Erected: 1936
Marker Location: Ruddick Park, Houston and Sixth, Colorado City.
Marker Text: In this vicinity on a bank of the Colorado October 21,
1840; A Comanche Indian village was completely destroyed and much
stolen property recovered including 500 horses; 128 Indians were killed;
34 were captured; The expedition commanded by Colonel John Henry Moore;
Consisted of 90 citizen volunteers; Mostly residents of Fayette County;
Seventeen friendly Lipan Indians under Chiefs Castro and Flacu served
as guides; No Texans were killed and but two wounded. (1936)
Marker Title: William Marion Green
City Cemtery, Chestnut Street
City: Colorado City
County: Mitchell
Year Marker Erected: 1968
Marker Location: City Cemetery, Colorado City east section of cemetery.
Marker Text: An orphan at age 7, Green learned self-reliance early.
At 19, he joined the Texas Rangers. And at 20, he enlisted in Co.
A of the Frontier Battalion. In 1874, his company helped capture members
of John Wesley Hardin's gang who were raiding Comanche County; Green
helped escort 7 of the outlaws to jail. He promoted the founding of
the Texas Ex-Rangers Association in 1920, serving as Major of the
group until his death. Recorded, 1968.
Museum Name: Heart of West Texas Museum
Mailing Address: 340 E 3rd
City: Colorado City
Zip Code: 79512
Area Code: 915
Phone: 728-8285
County: Mitchell
Marker Title: Y. D. McMurry
Address: Colorado City Cemetery
City: Colorado City
County: Mitchell
Year Marker Erected: 1970
Marker Location: East section of city cemetery, Colorado City cemetery.
Marker Text: Born in Tennessee. Brought up in Fort Worth. In 1882
joined Co. B, Frontier Battalion, Texas Rangers, under a Brother,
Capt. Sam McMurry--then enforcing law in Colorado City area. Y.D.
McMurry, Mitchell County Sheriff 1892-1898, was one of captors of
notorious murderer and train robber Bill Cooke. McMurry was a merchant
and cotton broker, and for many years he was a deacon in the Presbyterian
Church. Recorded, 1970
Marker Title: Mitchell County
Address: Oak and Third St.
City: Colorado City
County: Mitchell
Year Marker Erected: 1936
Marker Location: At courthouse - east side - Oak and Third, Colorado
City.
Marker Text: Settled after Indians left Texas in 1875. One of 129
counties created (Aug. 21, 1876) from Bexar Territory covering West
Texas to the Panhandle and El Paso. Named for Mitchell Brothers, Asa
and Eli, Texas War for Independence veterans. Organized Jan. 10, 1881
when the railroad came, making county seat Colorado City West Texas'
"Mother City" and first boom town. Oil, sheep and cattle
ranching center. Historic sites include Comanche Indian Village; seven
wells, last buffalo watering hole. Annual events: Colorado City Frontier
Roundup and Tumbleweed Festival. (1965)
Marker Title: Ruddick Park
Address: Sixth and Houston St.
City: Colorado City
County: Mitchell
Year Marker Erected: 1970
Marker Location: Ruddick Park, Sixth and Houston, Colorado City.
Marker Text: Given to city 1929 in memory of pioneer William Penn
Ruddick, farmer and dairyman, and Mrs. Ruddick. History was made here
even before Ruddick arrived, however. In 1840 Colonel John Henry Moore
and 90 Indian fighters wiped out a Comanche village on the Colorado
nearby. The creek that runs through the park was named for Chief Lone
Wolf of the Kiowa Indians, who camped along the creek banks. In 1880
Co. B of the Frontier Battalion, under Captain Sam McMurry, was ordered
here to combat Indian attacks. With the coming of the Texas &
Pacific Railroad in 1881, immigrants began to flood the area. W.P.
Ruddick (1851-1914) and his wife Sarah (Hutchens) moved from Oregon
and set up housekeeping in a half-dugout until lumber could be shipped
from Fort Worth. Ruddick, a Quaker, was one of the first in Mitchell
County to raise cotton. He also planted an orchard and operated a
dairy, for which he transported the first registered Jersey and Hereford
cattle into the county. He ranched and drilled water wells for his
neighbors as well as himself. Soon after the donation of the original
20-acre park by Ruddick's heirs, an ampitheatre and stage were built
here. The park now contains 138 acres. (1970)
Marker Title: Seven Wells
Address: SH 208, 6 mi. S of Colorado City
City: Colorado City
County: Mitchell
Year Marker Erected: 1936
Marker Location: From Colorado City take SH 208 about 6 miles south
to roadside park. Marker Text: This area, now covered by Lake Champion,
was once the site of springs that originated from underground water
which also supplied Champion Creek. They were called "wells"
because the Seven Spring Basins closely resembled man-made wells.
Buffalo tracks cut deep into the creek banks of soft sandstone indicated
this was a watering place for great herds of bison. At least four
trails crisscrossed the area where north and south Champion Creeks
converged. For hundreds of years Indians also camped here, and in
the 1880s a small, early Mitchell County settlement named "Artesia"
grew up at the site of the wells. (1968)
Marker Title: Lone Wolf Mountain
Address: FM 644
City: Loraine
County: Mitchell
Year Marker Erected: 1967
Marker Location: FM 644 at cemetery, southwest corner of Loraine.
Marker Text: Named for Chief of Kiowa Indians, held hostage by General
Custer after the Washita campaign. Later released. Swore revenge on
white man after son was killed. A clash took place on El Paso Road
north of Ft. Concho, the location of Lone Wolf Mountain. Chief died
1879. (1967)
Marker Title: Renderbrook Ranch
Address: SH 16, on Spade Ranch
City: Colorado City
County: Mitchell
Year Marker Erected: 1965
Marker Location: From Colorado City take SH 16 about 22 miles south
to Spade Ranch gate. Drive about 3.3 miles onto ranch to marker and
stone house.
Marker Text: Founded in buffalo and Indian days of 1870's by Taylor
Barr. Owned 1882-1889 by D.H. and J.W. Snyder. They built "White
House" headquarters; sold ranch, 1889 to Isaac L. Ellwood, an
inventor of barbed wire, in DeKalb, Illinois. Ellwood paid in wire
for Spade cattle from Donley County, to stock ranch. Added Sterling
and Coke lands to original 130,000 acres; to distinguish this from
range bought 1902 near Lubbock, called this Renderbrook (from name
of spring where Indians shot a U.S. Cavalry officer in the 1870's).
Ellwood heirs still run Spade brand on 2 ranches. (1965)
NOLAN COUNTY
Marker Title: Nolan County
Address: Broadway St.
City: Sweetwater
County: Nolan
Year Marker Erected: 1975
Marker Location: Courthouse Square, Broadway Street, Sweetwater
Marker Text: Nomadic Indians crossed this region before Anglo-American
pioneers arrived here in the 1870's. The first settlers were buffalo
hunters such as I.S. (Tuck) Focht, who later became a rancher and
businessman, and cattlemen such as confederate veteran John R. Lewis.
Created in 1876, Nolan County was one of 54 countries carved from
Bexar Territory. It was named for Philip Nolan (1771-1801), an Irish-born
adventurer who came to Texas to capture wild horses and was killed
in a skirmish with Spanish soldiers. Sweetwater, a small settlement
that had grown up around a general store, was awarded the county's
first post office in March 1879. It was also named the county seat
when Nolan County was organized in January 1881. Sweetwater moved
2 miles northwest to its present location on the Texas & Pacific
Rail Line in April 1881. It became an important rail center when the
Kansas City, Mexico & Orient and later the Santa Fe Railroad also
routed their track through the town. The economy of Nolan County is
based on cattle and sheep ranching; cotton and feed grain crops; and
gypsum, line, and petroleum production. The population of the county
increased from 640 in 1880 to 16,220 in the 1970 census. (1975)
Museum Name: Pioneer Museum
Mailing Address: 610 East 3rd
City: Sweetwater
Zip Code: 79556
Area Code: 915
Phone: 235-8547
County: Nolan
TAYLOR COUNTY
Marker Title: Butterfield Mail and Stage Line
Address: FM 20, 1/2 mile W. of Tye
City: Tye
County: Taylor County
Year Marker Erected: 1969
Marker Location: From Tye, take Highway 20 .5 mile west.
Marker Text: One of major horse-drawn transportation projects of history.
Was authorized by Act of Congress on March 3, 1857. Contract for semi-weekly
service overland to San Francisco, California, was awarded to company
headed by John Butterfield; another stockholder in the $2,000,00 venture
was express pioneer William G. Fargo. The line employed some 2,000
people and used hundreds of stagecoaches and thousands of animals.
In addition to receipts from freight and passengers, it had a $600,000
annual subsidy for carrying U.S. Mail. Company operated from September
1858 to February 1861 with a 25-day schedule for the 2,795 mile trip
(8 to 9 days were allowed for crossing Texas). Route began in Tipton,
Mo., and Memphis, TN., uniting at Fort Smith, AR., entering Texas
near Sherman, thence westward through the Comanche-held frontier,
leaving the state at El Paso. Stage stations were located about every
20 miles and the best known in this vicinity were Fort Belknap, Fort
Phantom Hill, Mountain Pass and Fort Chadbourne. Between Fort Belknap
and Tucson, AZ., mules were used to pull the coaches as they were
less appealing to Indians. Each coach accommodated four to ten passengers
at an average fare of $200 each; mail and freight charges were ten
cents per one-half ounce. (1969)
Marker Title: Jim Ned Creek
Address: US 83
City: Tuscola
County: Taylor
Year Marker Erected: 1968
Marker Location: Highway 83, south city limits (at bridge) -Tuscola
Marker Text: Probably named for Jim Ned, Delaware Indian Chief. During
Republic and early statehood of Texas (about 1840-1860), he was a
scout for the Texas militia on several campaigns against wild Indians
in this area. Dams near junction of two main forks of creek create
Lake Brownwood. (1968)
Marker Title: Vicinity of Indian Fight
Address: Old Settlers Reunion Grounds, Vine and West St.
City: Buffalo Gap
County: Taylor
Year Marker Erected: 1968
Marker Location: Old Settlers Reunion grounds, corner of Vine &
West Streets, Buffalo Gap.
Marker Text: On August 29, 1863, Indian riders (probably Comanches)
coming north from Mason County, with stolen horses, were caught a
mile east of Buffalo Gap by Lt. T. C. Wright and eleven state troopers.
The outnumbered soldiers were forced to attack up a steep hill and
the Indians, determined to keep the herd, fought stubbornly. Wright
and his men - two with severe arrow wounds - finally gave up the unequal
fight and the Indians escaped with the horses. A lone rider was sent
under cover of night to Camp Colorado (45 miles southeast) to bring
an ambulance for the wounded. (1968)
Marker Title: Castle Peak
Address: FM 1235, S of Merkel
City: Merkel
County: Taylor
Year Marker Erected: 1968
Marker Location: From Merkel, take FM 1235 south about 7 miles.
Marker Text: The Butterfield Overland Mail, the first public transportation
facility spanning the area from the Mississippi to the Pacific with
passenger and mail service, 1858-61, used the 2400-foot peak to the
northeast as a beacon. The drivers and passengers viewed it for 30
to 40 miles. In that era it was called Abercrombie Peak, for Colonel
J. J. Abercrombie of the U.S. Army, active in defense of this frontier.
Waterman Ormsby, a newspaper reporter riding the first Butterfield
Stage to pass this way, noted that the peak resembled a fortress.
Later the height was renamed Castle Peak. (1968)
Marker Title: Vicinity of Indian Fight
Address: Fm 1235
City: Merkel
County: Taylor
Year Marker Erected: 1968
Marker Location: From Merkel, take FM 1235 about 7 miles south
Marker Text: On New Year's Day, 1871, Indian raiders who had stolen
horses in Coleman County were pursued and overtaken here by 18 Texas
Rangers and cowboys. Leaders of the group were Captain James. M. Swisher
and rancher Sam Gholson. The Indians took refuge in the heights west
of Mountain Pass. The ensuing battle lasted all day, and at nightfall
the raiders left the horses and fled. Of the fewer than one dozen
Indians, one was killed, several wounded. One cowboy was wounded and
another, J. M. Elkins, recorded the battle in his book, "Indian
Fighting on the Texas Frontier." (1968)
Marker Title: Near Site of Indian Battle
Address: CR 351, S of Merkel
City: Merkel
County: Taylor
Year Marker Erected: 1968
Marker Location: From Merkel, take FM 126 south 14.4 miles to CR 350
and follow south about 21.4 miles then take CR 351 south .9 mile.
Marker Text: On February 15, 1870, Corporal Hilliard Morrow and five
men of Company E, 24th U.S. Infantry, set out from Fort Griffin to
relieve guards at Mountain Pass mail station near here. Soon after
arriving, however, they were besieged by a raiding party of 75 Comanches.
Although outnumbered by more than ten to one, the courageous group
repelled the attack. The Indians, however, drove off five mules and
one horse belonging to the El Paso and San Antonio Mail Company, which
ran a branch line to the station. Three of the Indians were killed,
but the soldiers suffered no losses. (1968)
Marker Title: Mountain Pass Station
Address: CR 351, SW of Merkel 32 mi.
City: Merkel
County: Taylor
Year Marker Erected: 0
Marker Text: Maintained from 1858 to outbreak of the Civil War in
1861 as a stage stop on the Butterfield Overland Main Route, which
was the first mail and passenger line to link the east and west coasts
of the United States. In 1870s this was a stop for branch of El Paso
and San Antonio mail line. (1968)
Marker Title: Mulberry Canyon
City: Merkel
County: Taylor
Year Marker Erected: 1997
Marker Location: 6.2 mi. SW of Merkel on FM 126 at intersection with
FM 1085.
Marker Text: Human activity in this area has been traced to prehistoric
eras. Native American tribes once roamed this land with the buffalo,
deer, turkey, mountain lion, and black bear. Among the first recorded
ventures into the canyon were the Military Road survey and the forty-niner
mail route of 1849. The Military Road was used by the Butterfield
Stage-Overland Mail route from 1858 to 1861. The canyon was named
for the mulberry trees that grew along the largest creek. Cattle ranchers
began to use the canyon in the 1870s. The last herds of buffalo passed
through Mulberry Canyon in 1878 just before pioneer families began
to build communities. In 1879 settlers planted maize, corn, and wheat;
the first cotton was planted in 1886. The last black bear lived as
a pet on the Brown Ranch in the 1880s. Over half a dozen small communities
sprang up in the canyon. Ten churches and ten schools have served
the area, which at its peak had a population of 500. The earliest
marked grave in White Church Cemetery is dated 1883. Nubia, the only
town, had a post office until 1917. The last store closed in 1946.
In 1997, descendants of the pioneer settlers still occupied much of
Mulberry Canyon. (1997)
Marker Title: In Vicinity of Coronado's Camp
Address: US 277 & FM 89 Junction
City: Abilene
County: Taylor
Year Marker Erected: 1968
Marker Location: From Abilene, take Highway 277 southwest about 15
miles to Junction 89.
Marker Text: In 1541, the Spanish explorer Coronado is thought to
have passed this way en route from New Mexico to the fabled Indian
villages of "Quivira", through his path across vast Texas
plains is now difficult to determine. Upon finding that his Indian
guide, "The Turk", had taken him too far south, Coronado
halted at a small canyon or barranca. Here he conferred with his captains
and decided to follow the compass directly north. When they reached
"Quivira" (possibly in Kansas), no gold was found - only
the poor, grass huts of a Wichita village. (1968)
Marker Title: Valley Creek Station
Address: Off FM 1086, about 25 mi. SW of Abilene
City: Abilene
County: Taylor
Year Marker Erected: 1968
Marker Location: From Abilene, take Highway 277 southwest about 22
miles to FM 1086 west, follow 1086 west about 3 miles northwest to
end, go southwest on County Road about 1.2 miles to Valley Creek Crossing.
Marker Text: Maintained at falls and crossing of Valley Creek, 1858
to 1861, as a stage stop for the Butterfield Overland Mail. The twice-weekly
mail and passenger line stretched from San Francisco to St. Louis,
crossing northwest corner of Taylor County and passing six miles west
of present Abilene. (1968)
ECTOR COUNTY
Marker Title: Old Buffalo Wallow
City: Odessa
County: Ector
Year Marker Erected: 1986
Marker Location: 4800 E 42nd St., Odessa (West side of atrium bldg.
parking lot)
Marker Text: The nearby depression survives from an Epoch when great
Buffalo herds migrated through West Texas, many moving between present
Canada and Mexico over two major trails in the Odessa area. Wallows
began with individual Buffalo rolling in the dirt to rid themselves
of pests or shed their heavy winter coats in springtime. Repeated
wallowing in the same spot by countless buffalo created an efficient
depression to accomplish the cleaning ritual. Most wallows were eight
to 12 feet across and two feet deep. Buffalo existed in the millions
in north America, ranging throughout the western and central plains
of Texas. They were pursued seasonally by the plains Indians, who
subsisted on the food and clothing the Buffalo provided. In the late
19th century, railroads bisected their trails, isolating the herds
and providing transportation of meat and hides to distant markets.
In Texas vast buffalo slaughters were encouraged in the 1870s by the
army, who wanted to deprive Indians of their commissary; settlers,
who had crops trampled and forage consumed by the passing herds; and
hunters, who realized quick profit particularly from hides. The Buffalo
had all but disappeared from this area when Odessa was founded in
1886.
Marker Title: The Cable Tool Rig
City: Odessa
County: Ector
Year Marker Erected: 1964
Marker Location: Odessa, 42nd St. & US 385 at Ector Co. Coliseum,
(marker is on North side of Grounds & is enclosed in chain link
fence)
Marker Text: Equipment that replaced the spring pole drilling method
used in America's earlier oil fields. The Cable Tool Rig used a bit
suspended on a steel drilling cable. The bit is dropped in the hole
and the impact breaks up the formation. The broken pieces are removed
by a bail. This method made possible the deeper penetration so necessary
in the southwest. The Cable Tool Rig was introduced in Texas in 1866.
(some use of Cable Tools had been made around 1840 in the north.)
Texas gave the southwestern oil industry the first lease, the first
oil pipe line, the first wooden and iron storage tanks, the first
iron drums for transporting crude oil and first use of the augur principle
later employed in rotary rigs. The Cable Tool Rig brought in the first
important wells of the Permian basin. This Rig was reconstructed from
parts of several Rig was reconstructed from parts of several rigs
actually used at big lake, Reagan county, where the No. 1 Santa Rita
blew in during may 1923 as the first well in the first major oil field
in the Permian basin. To the cable tool rig and the men who used it
goes credit for the great development in the Permian basin.
Marker Title: Comanche War Trail
City: Odessa
County: Ector
Year Marker Erected: 1964
Marker Location: (Access. Rd on Bus. IH 20, East of loop 338, near
entrance to Sunset Memorial Gardens) Odessa.
Marker Text: A Barred, Bristling flying wedge--the Comanches--Rode
into 18th century Texas, driving the Wichitas and Caddoes East, the
Apaches West, becoming lords of the south plains. Harassed the Spanish
and Anglo-Americans along frontier from Corpus Christi on the Gulf
up to the Red River. Wrote their name in blood clear down to Zacatecas,
Mexico. Captured women, children and horses along their road of blood,
tears and agony. Many roads converged into the great Comanche war
trail, which passed about 20 miles southeast of this marker.
Marker Title: Site of the Dawson Saloon
County: Ector
Year Marker Erected: 1967
Marker Location: 125 West 2nd St. (also US Hwy. 80), Odessa (in front
of Bldg. facing North).
Marker Text: Frontier business of S.T. (TOL) and E.F. (LISH) Dawson,
brothers. Lish Dawson, 1891-92 Sheriff of Ector County, had a barber
chair in the Saloon, and helped tend bar. Liquor was in 40-gallon
barrels. Ice for drinks was hauled from great lakes by Texas &
Pacific Railroad. To avoid township restriction on liquor sales, Dawson
moved saloon to the street; Tol was brought to trial for this. "White
Ribboners"--Clubwomen opposed saloons. In the face Lish Dawson
lost his office, and the business was closed.
Marker Title: Ector County
City: Odessa
County: Ector
Year Marker Erected: 1936
Marker Location: (Bus. IH-20, East of loop 338 near entrance to Sunset
Memorial Gardens) Odessa.
Marker Size: Pink Hwy. Marker Repairs Completed: N/A
Marker Text: Created February 26, 1887 from Tom Green County organized
January 15, 1891, named in honor of Matthew Duncan Ector 1822-1879.
Member of the Texas legislature a confederate officer and outstanding
jurist Odessa, The County Seat.
Marker Title: Site of Old Livery Stable and Wagon Yard
County: Ector
Year Marker Erected: 1967
Designations: Recorded Texas Historic Landmark
Marker Location: 205 N. Grant St., Odessa (near Odessa Police Dept.)
Marker Text: Established 1897 as Odessa's first livery stable and
wagon yard by Francis M. Tallant. Cowmen stabled their horses, then
headed for ranch saloon located across from stable. Sold 1906 to C.
A. Beardsley, who advertised "good rigs, dray line and prompt
attention." Livery stable had saddle horses and animal-drawn
vehicles for hire. Wagon yard offered shelter for travelers and their
teams. Automobiles changed life. In 1915, Joe W. Rice bought stable
and converted it into a garage sandstone structure (covered with stucco)
still stands. Recorded Texas Historic Landmark, 1967.
Museum Name: Parker House Ranching Heritage Museum
Mailing Address: P. O. Box 3908
Street Address: 1118 Maple Ave.
City: Odessa
Zip Code: 79760
Area Code: 915
Phone: 335-9918
County: Ector
Marker Title: Permian Basin
City: Odessa
County: Ector
Year Marker Erected: 1964
Marker Location: Ector Coliseum Grounds, 42nd St., Odessa.
Marker Text: One of the two richest oil fields in the world. Discovery
began in 1920 at a Mitchell County Well. Next came the 1923 big lake
strike, then the wild 1925 boom in Upton County, followed by production
in Andrews, Crane, Ector, Martin, Midland, Pecos, Ward, Winkler and
24 other counties. In some years new wells averaged 38 a week. Fortunes
were Mae, lost, then regained--all within months. So great were yields
that oil brought 50 cents a barrel, while drillers paid $5.00 a barrel
for drinking water. Area is 88,610 square miles, with center here
at Odessa. Extends across a deeply buried prehistoric sea that more
than 250 million years ago contained much fish and reptile life, including
dinosaurs. Shores and islands later grew giant vegetation, until earth
changes buried animals and plants in pockets that turned hydrocarbons
into petroleum. In 40 years from its discovery, the Permian Basin,
was producing 53% of total oil in Texas 20% of U.S. crude oil. It
is one of the world's largest producers of channel carbon black. Other
by-products sulphur, asphalt, synthetic rubber ingredients and petrochemicals.
Marker Title: Prairie Dog
City: Odessa
County: Ector
Year Marker Erected: 1964
Marker Location: Prairie Pete Park, 44th at East Co. Rd., Odessa.
Marker Text: Actually a squirrel. Gets name from its bark. It was
food for settlers, especially in drouths. Lives in cluster of burrows
called a "Town". Burrows, hazardous to running horses, often
have caused broken bones among horses and riders. Also prairie dogs
ate grass roots, destroying cattle feed. One old-time town was 100
miles wide and extended, almost unbroken, 250 miles southward from
prairie dog town fork of Red River. Extermination has wiped out most
colonies. This colony was established in 1959 by Odessa rotary club.
Museum Name: The Presidential Museum
Mailing Address: 622 N. Lee Street
City: Odessa
Zip Code: 79761
Street Area Code: 915
Phone: 332-7123
County: Ector
Marker Title: Site of Homestead of William C. Sublett
County: Ector
Year Marker Erected: 1967
Designations: Recorded Texas Historic Landmark
Marker Location: 222 N. Grandview, Odessa.
Marker Text: Born 1835 in Alabama. Moved to north Texas before the
civil war, in which he served as a confederate. After his wife died
in 1874, he went to the Texas frontier to hunt Buffalo, taking his
three young children with him. In 1881-1882 he supplied game to Texas
& Pacific Railroad construction crews. (such hunting was important
to development of west Texas and to transcontinental railroad construction).
Settling later in Odessa, Sublett built near this site a dogout-and-tent
home, and homesteaded a 160 acre claim. To support his family, he
hauled wood and "Water-Witched" to locate wells for settlers.
In the 1880's he attracted notice by using gold nuggets to trade for
supplies. In explanation, he said an Apache Indian had directed him
to a mine in the Guadalupe Mountains, about 150 miles west of here.
Periodically he disappeared and returned with gold, but efforts to
follow him to the mine always failed. He once took his young son there,
but the boy could not find the way later. in 1889, Sublett sold his
Ector County property. He died Jan. 6, 1892, in Barstow, without disclosing
the location of his mine. However, stories of his treasure still lure
explorers into the Guadalupe Mountains. Recorded Texas Historic Landmark,
1967.
Marker Title: The Caprock
City: Odessa
County: Ector
Year Marker Erected: 1967
Designations: Recorded Texas Historic Landmark
Marker Location: From Odessa, take IH 20 West about 13 miles to Highway
Rest area.
Marker Text: A range of flat-topped ridges and cliffs stretching from
Texas panhandle to 20 miles South of this point and extending into
new Mexico. The name also refers to tough limestone that caps ridges.
Rising sharply 200 to 1,000 ft. above plains. This section, Concho
Bluffs, Marks Western edge of Caprock escarpment. Called the "Break
of the plains" because it divides the staked plains from the
north central plains of Texas. Observed by Coronado's expedition,
1540-1540, provided shelter in storms, but delayed entrance of settlers
to staked plains. Herds of stampeding cattle at times plunged over
its edge. In the area, the Caprock blocked eastbound wagons, including
some from California gold fields in 1850'a. Because of scarce surface
water, staked plains were too dry for farming or ranching until wells
were drilled and windmills installed. Ridges and canyons here hindered
railroad building. In 1881 workmen earned $2.50 a day-highest wages
ever paid until then on a texas railroad job-at "Colt's Big Rock
Cut" (the mile-wide, 17-ft. chasm visible here). A tragic accident
with dynamite injured several of Colt's men and killed three. Their
graves, known to the pioneers around Odessa, were on a hill northeast
of the tracks, but cannot now be found.
Marker Title: Odessa
City: Odessa
County: Ector
Year Marker Erected: 1967
Marker Location: From Odessa, take IH 20 West about 14 mile to Roadside
Park.
Marker Text: Founded 1881. Legend says name came from an Indian princess
who wandered into camp of texas & Pacific railroad construction
gang. others say it was for Odessa on Russian plains--area west Texas
resembles. County seat ever since Ector was organized, 1891. has had
great growth since 1926 oil strike. Center for one of the two largest
oil fields in the world. Has largest inland petrochemical complex
in united states, alone with many other diversified industries. It
is also the oilfield supply capital of the world. Odessa college has
served area since 1946. City has 143 churches; a symphony orchestra;
clubs for sports, service, culture. Recreational attractions include
nation's second largest meteor crater; exact replica of shakespeare's
16th century globe theatre; 4 museums; a planetarium; industrial tours;
"permian playhouse"; "Prairie Dog Pete" park;
world's largest Jackrabbit statue; and 21 payground-parks. Unique
"presidential room" depicts lives of U.S. presidents in
art, documents, and memorabilia. Sandhill Hereford and quarterhouse
show opens annual rodeo season for entire southwest. World famous
permian basin oil show is held biennially.
Marker Title: Emigrant Trail
City: Odessa
County: Ector
Year Marker Erected: 1964
Marker Location: From Hwy 80 in Odessa, take US 385 North about 4.6
miles.
Marker Text: Road of Stubborn seekers of 1849 California gold fields
and better life. Bringing the old, infant, the yet unborn and all
worldly goods, family wagons entered Texas at Preston, on Red River,
to go southwest via springs Including some now in Monaghan Sandhills
Park) to emigrants' crossing on the Pecos, then upriver and west through
Guadalupe pass to El Paso. Old wagon parts by the trail tell of some
disasters. Capt. R. B. Marcy in 1849 and Capt. John Pope in 1854 made
army surveys of the trail. It passed near this spot.
Marker Title: LeGrande Survey of 1833
County: Ector
Year Marker Erected: 1967
Marker Location: From Ector County Courthouse, take US 385 North about
12.5 miles on East Service Rd. (before intersection of US 385 &
SH 158).
Marker Text: Made in era of Mexico rule in Texas for John Beales,
who through partnerships, acquired 70,000,000 acres of land and gained
the title of "Texas" largest land king. Alexander LeGrande's
survey covered about 2,000 miles in west Texas, Oklahoma Panhandle
and Eastern New Mexico then south to the 32nd parallel. Hardship and
tragedy plagued LeGrande's abandoned survey. First exploration here
is usually credited to Capt. R. B. Marcy, U. S. Army; LeGrande's work
was years earlier.
MIDLAND COUNTY
Marker Title: W. B. Anglin
Address: Nobles and N Pecos St.
City: Midland
County: Midland
Year Marker Erected: 1967
Marker Location: At corner of Nobles & N. Pecos St., Fairview
Cemetery, Veterans Station, Midland.
Marker Text: A member, Company B, Frontier Battalion of Texas rangers.
Killed near here while trailing Comanche Indian raiding party on July
1, 1879. He was buried on the spot where he fell. A native of Virginia,
member of one of its first families, he joined rangers in 1875 at
about age 25. Anglin was last man to be killed by Indians in central
west Texas. He was known for his bravery, kindness, good humor and
unceasing devotion to duty.
Museum Name: Brown-Dorsey Medallion Home
Mailing Address: 2102 Community Land
Street Address: 213 Community Land
City: Midland
Zip Code: 77970
Area Code: 915
Phone: 682-2931
County: Midland
Marker Title: Marcy Trail
Address: IH 20, E of Midland 5 mi.
City: Midland
County: Midland
Year Marker Erected: 1967
Marker Location: 4.8 mile E. on I-20 in Roadside Park
Marker Text: Plotted in 1849 by a U. S. Army surveying expedition
under Capt. Randolph B. Marcy. Guided by Manuel, a Comanche Indian,
Marcy crossed the dreaded staked plains of West Texas, proving their
feasibility for travel, and opening a new and shorter road west. Marcy's
trail from Dona Ana, N. M., to Fort Smith, Ark., became a major road
to the California gold fields. Later the overland stage followed it
for about 125 miles and in 1881, Texas and Pacific Railroad built
along part of the route.
Marker Title: Midland County
Address: US 80 and FM 1788
City: Midland
County: Midland
Year Marker Erected: 1965
Marker Location: From Midland, go 10 mile SW on US 80 (I-20 Business).
Marker is Just. N. of Junction of I-20 & FM 1788 on 1788.
Marker Text: First known as the junction of many trails and site of
the last Comanche raid into Texas. In 1881 the Texas and Pacific railroad
was built ; equi-distant between El Paso and Fort Worth, this became
known as Midland. First settler was a sheepman in 1882. Water Wells
and Windmills lured small farmers. Became headquarters for 1928 Permian
Basin oil discovery. In 1945 its first well came in . The "Midland
Man", oldest skeletal remains in North America (18,500 B. C.),
was found in 1954.
Museum Name: Midland County Historical Museum
Mailing Address: 2102 Community Lane
Street Address: 301 W Missouri
City: Midland
Zip Code: 79701
Area Code: 915
Phone: 692-2931
County: Midland
Marker Title: Midland Man
Address: Wall & Colorado St., Courthouse square
City: Midland
County: Midland
Year Marker Erected: 1966
Marker Location: Courthouse Square, corner of Wall St. & N. Colorado,
Midland
Marker Text: Oldest human remains in new world. Found 1953 on ranch
near here by pipeline Welder Keith Glasscock. Fossilized skull, rib
and hand bones had been exposed by weather conditions. Tests indicated
these were bones of a woman who lived as long ago as 9000-9500 B.
C.; nearby were bones of extinct species of horse, camel, mammoth,
peccary, wolf, sloth; with weapons, tools and signs of ancient campfires.
Drs. Fred Wendorf and Alex D. Kreiger, archaeologists; Claude C. Albritton,
geologist; T. D. Stewart, physician and anthropologist, made studies
of the discovery.
Museum Name: Museum of the Southwest
Mailing Address: 1705 W Missouri Avenue
City: Midland
Zip Code: 79701
Area Code: 915
Phone: 683-2882
County: Midland
GLASSCOCK COUNTY
Marker Title: Glasscock County
City: Garden City
County: Glasscock
Year Marker Erected: 1964
Marker Location: Courthouse grounds, FM 158, Garden City
Marker Text: Created in 1887. Organized 1893, with Garden City county
seat. Named for George W. Glasscock (1810-68), flatboating partner
of Abraham Lincoln in Illinois. Came to Texas 1834 and fought 1835-36
in the War for Independence from Mexico. Built first Central Texas
flour mill, Williamson County. Georgetown was named for him. Was in
Texas Legislature, 1864- 68. Of the 254 Texas counties, 42 bear Indian,
French or Spanish names. 10 honor such colonizers as Stephen F. Austin,
"Father of Texas". 12 were named for Washington, Clay, and
other American patriots. 96 were named for men like Glasscock who
fought in the Texas War for Independence (15 dying at the Alamo),
signed the Declaration of Independence, or served as statesmen in
the Republic of Texas. 23 have the names of frontiersmen and pioneers.
11 honor American statesmen who worked for the annexation of Texas;
10, leaders in Texas since statehood, including jurists, ministers,
educators, historians, statesmen; and 36, men prominent in the Confederacy
during the Civil War. Midland and 8 others have geographical names.
San Jacinto and Val Verde were named for battles. Live Oak and Orange
for trees, and Mason for a fort.
STERLING COUNTY
Marker Title: Camp Elizabeth
Address: US 87 NW of Sterling City about 10 mi.
City: Sterling City
County: Sterling
Year Marker Erected: 1936
Marker Location: From Sterling City, take Highway 87 northwest about
10 miles
Marker Text: Thought to have been established 1853; used as an outpost
hospital of Fort Concho 1874-1886.
Marker Title: Sterling County
Address: 4th & Elm St.
City: Sterling City
County: Sterling
Year Marker Erected: 1976
Marker Location: Corner of 4th and Elm, Sterling City
Marker Text: This prairie region split by the north Concho River is
old Comanche, Kickapoo, Kiowa, Lipan, and Wichita hunting ground.
Possibly it was crossed by six or so Spanish explorations between
1540 and 1654. In the 1860s and 70s, Anglo-Americans hunted buffalo
commercially in this area. An 1860s hunter, Capt. W. S. Sterling,
had a dugout home on the creek that bears his name. In the 1870s,
bandits Frank and Jesse James kept horse herds on a tributary of Sterling
Creek. In 1874 the United States Army occupied Camp Elizabeth, a Fort
Concho outpost hospital, about ten miles west of here. Ranchers from
other counties began to bring in large cattle herds in the 1870s,
to capitalize on free grass. After keeping out small herds for a time,
they permitted actual settlers to share the range. Family men staked
land claims, grew crops in the valleys, and opened stores, schools,
and post offices. On March 4, 1891, on the petition of 150 citizens,
the county was created out of part of Tom Green County, and named
for its first regular resident. Sterling City became the county seat.
Petroleum production has been important to the economy since the 1950s;
yet the land essentially remains range country, grazed by cattle and
sheep.
COKE COUNTY
Marker Title: Panther Gap
City: Robert Lee
County: Coke
Year Marker Erected: 1973
Marker Location: SH 208, 13 miles northwest of Robert Lee
Marker Text: Landmark on ancient Indian trail, and early route of
travelers and military west of Fort Chadbourne (20 miles east) before
the Civil War. After 1880, was used extensively to connect this area
with the railroad at Colorado City. Named for Panthers (Cougars),
which still roam the region. (1973)
Marker Title: Southern Overland Mail, 1858-1861
City: Robert Lee vicinity
County: Coke
Year Marker Erected: 1966
Marker Location: from Robert Lee city limits, take SH 158 east about
5.75 miles
Marker Text: Passed near this site, providing for the first time combined
passenger and mail service between Pacific and Atlantic coasts. Operating
west from St. Louis and Memphis, John Butterfield's company used 1,350
horses and mules and 90 Concord coaches and wagons. Stage traveled
at a run, despite lack of good roads. A signal given approaching a
station would have fresh horses ready and food on the table for crew
and passengers. Route had stations 12 to 113 miles apart, and was
sometimes changed to get water. Crew and passengers wore guns; to
reduce danger of Indian attacks, mules (less coveted than horses)
were used west of Ft. Belknap. The trip one way took 25 days -- seven
spent crossing Texas, from Preston (now under Lake Texoma) to Jacksboro,
Ft. Belknap, Ft. Chadbourne and El Paso. One way fare for the 2,700
miles was $200. Passengers rarely stopped off, because they might
not find seats on a later stage. Merchants in Jacksboro and other
towns used Butterfield's light freight service to make mail-order
sales. Greatest contribution of the overland stage was its carrying
news; coaches also brought mail from the west one to 10 days faster
than it came by ship. Service was ended in 1861 by the Civil War.
(1966) Incise on base: Early Travel, Communication and Transportation
Series erected by Moody Foundation, 1966.
Marker Title: Fort Chadbourne
City: Bronte vicinity
County: Coke
Year Marker Erected: 1936
Marker Location: 11.75 north of Bronte on US 277 at entrance to Fort
Chadbourne
Marker Text: Established by the United States Army, October 28, 1852,
as a protection to frontier settlers against Indians named in honor
of Lieutenant T.L. Chadbourne, killed at Resaca de la Palma, May 9,
1846, occupied by federal troops, 1852-1867. An important station
on the Butterfield overland stage route, 1858 - 1861.
Marker Title: Fort Chadbourne, C. S. A
City: Bronte
County: Coke
Year Marker Erected: 1963
Marker Location: City Hall grounds, 100 block of S. Washington St.
Marker Text: Located 8 miles north on old Butterfield stageline. Upon
secession, company of First Regiment Texas Mounted Rifles occupied
this post to give protection against Indians. Stopover on way west
for many Union sympathizers and people wanting to avoid conflict of
war. Permanent personnel left the fort in 1862 when the frontier defense
line was pulled back more than 50 miles east. However scouting parties
and patrols of Confederate and state troops used the fort intermittently
in aggressive warfare to keep Indians near their camps and away from
settlements and to check on the invasion by union forces. Usually
supplying their own mounts, guns and sustenance, these men guarded
the frontier until war's end. (1963)
Marker Title: Indian Rock Shelters
County: Coke
Year Marker Erected: 1970
Marker Location: from Bronte, take US 277 north about 8 miles to the
junction with SH 70.
Marker Text: Throughout this area during the last several centuries,
rock ledges gave protection to Lipan, Kickapoo, Comanche, and Kiowa
Indians. In one typical shelter archeologists found evidence of 3
periods of occupation, plus numerous intricate petroglyphs (rock carvings).
River shells, turkey and deer bones, flint knives, scrapers, and points
lay about the area. One of several hearths (2' x 3' in size) consisted
of small pieces of sandstone lining a natural rock trough. On the
highest level was found green bottle glass from nearby Fort Chadbourne
(1852-1867). (1970)
Marker Title: Route of the Southern Overland Mail
City: Bronte vicinity
County: Coke
Year Marker Erected: 1936
Marker Location: from Bronte, take US 277 north about 11 miles to
roadside park
Marker Text: One mile southeast to Fort Chadbourne, a station on the
Butterfield mail and stage line, which linked St. Louis and San Francisco,
1858 - 1861. The fort was established in 1852, occupied until its
surrender to state forces in 1861, and garrisoned at times after the
Civil War.
RUNNELS COUNTY
Marker Title: W. H. Brown
Address: CR 297 off FM 158 about 20 mi. W of Ballinger
City: Ballinger
County: Runnels
Year Marker Erected: 1967
Marker Location: from Ballinger, take FM 158 about 19 miles west,
then go south on CR 297 .25 mile.
Marker Text: Born in Georgia. With his parents came to Texas 1857.
He and a brother, John, were Texas Rangers -- W. H. ("Billy")
serving June-December 1874. Billy Brown was the last man killed by
Indians in Runnels County, in a fight to regain stolen horses.
Marker Title: San Clemente
Address: US 83, about 6.5 mi. S of Ballinger
City: Ballinger
County: Runnels
Year Marker Erected: 1968
Marker Location: From Ballinger, take Highway 83 south about 6.5 miles
Marker Text: The first mission known to have been established in Texas
east of the Pecos River, San Clemente was a hastily built, two-room
structure located on a hill about 17 miles south of present Ballinger.
(Some historians place the site farther south, near Junction.) Although
earlier than the great Spanish mission movement, this was one of the
first (1684) in Texas and was founded by Juan Dominguez de Mendoza
and Fray Nicolas Lopez. Named for the San Clemente River (actually
the Colorado), the mission was founded at the request of the Jumano
Indians, who desired Christianity and the friendship of the Spanish.
The buildings was probably constructed of logs, its lower story serving
as a chapel and its upper story as a lookout post. Though they stayed
only from March 15 to May 1, awaiting envoys from 48 tribes (bands),
the Spaniards baptized many of their several thousand Indian allies.
Finally, being attacked by hostile Apaches, Mendoza returned with
his men to El Paso six months after he had left. Although Mendoza
did not know it, French explorer La Salle had landed on the Gulf Coast,
1684. This fact, plus Mendoza's report of seeing a French flag among
the Indians quickly led to other Spanish expeditions being sent to
chart the Texas wilderness.
Marker Title: Site of Pickettville
Address: US 67 & US 83
City: Ballinger
County: Runnels
Year Marker Erected: 1973
Marker Location: From Ballinger, take US 67 1.7 miles northeast (1
mile northeast of JCT US 67 and US 83)
Marker Text: First civilian settlement in Runnels County. Founded
1862 by frontiersmen whose picket houses and corrals gave place its
name. Original settlers included Mr. and Mrs. John W. Guest and three
sons; Henry and R. K. Wylie, their cowboys and Negro servant; Mrs.
Felicia Gordon and five sons. In 1862, "Rich" Coffey's family
also moved here. Indian hostilities of Civil War years (1861-65) caused
these ranchers to band together for protection. In 1866, they left
with cattle for open range. Their picket corrals later penned the
trail herds of John Hittson, John and Joseph Henderson, and others.
Samuel Maverick, from the book, Panhandle Pilgrimage, by Pauline Durrett and R.L. Robertson
Marker Title: Maverick
Address: SH 158, about 13.5 mi. W of Ballinger
City: Ballinger
County: Runnels
Year Marker Erected: 1964
Marker Location: from Ballinger, take SH 158 west about 13.5 miles
Marker Text: Founded in the 1870s. Named for Samuel A. Maverick (1803-1870),
who came to Texas 1835. Fought in the Texas War for Independence.
In Secession Convention, 1861, he was made one of the commissioners
to negotiate surrender of United States troops in San Antonio. In
1853 he had land in this important ranching area.
Marker Title: Nancy Parker Cabin
Address: FM 382, via FM 1770 E of Winters
City: Winters
County: Runnels
Year Marker Erected: 1970
Designations: Recorded Texas Historic Landmark
Marker Location: From Winters, take FM 1770 east 12 miles then FM
382 north about 4 miles.
Marker Text: Home of "Grandma" (Mrs. John) Parker, local
herb doctor. Here she brewed medicinal teas in a huge pot over an
open fire; walked miles in Indian-infested country to visit the sick.
Lived here over a decade. Sold cabin after eyesight failed, 1888.
Recorded Texas Historic Landmark - 1970
Marker Title: Ranger Campsite
Address: FM 382 via FM 1770, about 15 mi. NE of Winters
City: Winters
County: Runnels
Year Marker Erected: 1970
Marker Location: from Winters, from FM 1770 east about 12 miles then
go north on FM 382 about 3.5 miles
Marker Text: One-half mile east of here, some twenty-five to thirty
Texas rangers of Company E were stationed in 1874, under the command
of Capt. W. J. "Jeff" Maltby. They kept sentries posted
on nearby "Ranger Peak" to guard against Indians. Remains
of a dry well they dug are still visible.
Marker Title: Ranger Campsite Water Well
Address: FM 382 via FM 1770
City: Winters
County: Runnels
Year Marker Erected: 1980
Marker Location: From Winters, take FM 1770 east 12 miles, go north
3.5 miles on FM 382 is in field .5 mile east
Marker Text: In an effort to protect area settlements, Governor Richard
Coke established the frontier battalion in 1874. Comprised of six
companies of volunteer Rangers, it was headed by Major John B. Jones.
This campsite was part of a defensive line which reached from the
Red River to the coastal area. Rangers of Co. E, under the leadership
of Captain W. J. Maltby, were stationed here in 1874. The camp consisted
of tents, a corral for horses, and this hand-dug well, which failed
to provide water. Daily scouting duties included a sentry post on
nearby Ranger Peak (0.5 miles west).
Marker Title: Ranger Peak
Address: FM 382 via FM 1770
City: Winters
County: Runnels
Year Marker Erected: 1970
Marker Location: from Winters, go east on FM 1770 about 12 miles then
go north on FM 382 about 3.5 miles.
Marker Text: Named for Company E, Texas Rangers, which was stationed
1/2 mile east of peak in 1874. Atop peak, Rangers (Under Capt. W.
J. "Jeff" Maltby) kept a lookout for Indians. Outfit was
part of the frontier battalion, organized to protect Texas settlers
on frontier stretching from Red River to the Nueces. Camp was abandoned
in 1876.
COLEMAN COUNTY
Marker Title: Camp Colorado, C. S. A.
City: Coleman
County: Coleman
Year Marker Erected: 1963
Marker Location: City Park on SH 206, north side of Coleman.
Marker Text: Surrendered as U. S. outpost beginning Civil War. Became
part frontier defense line from Red River to Rio Grande. Headquarters
first Texas Mounted Rifles 1861 and Texas Frontier Regiment 1863.
Manned by troops and Rangers in state and C.S.A. service to war's
end. Valuable duty performed while patrolling and scouting to curb
Indian raids and in rounding up draft evaders, deserters. Camp life
difficult with constant peril of Indian attack, shortage food, ammunition,
supplies and horses. Located 12 miles northeast. A memorial to Texans
who served the Confederacy. Erected by the State of Texas 1963
Marker Title: Camp Colorado Guard House
City: Coleman
County: Coleman
Year Marker Erected: 1962
Designations: Recorded Texas Historic Landmark
Marker Location: On private property, from Coleman take SH 206 about
5.3 miles; head east on FM 2303 about 6 miles; turn south onto dirt
road and continue about 1.6 miles to Camp Colorado site.
Marker Text: --
Marker Title: Ruins of Camp Colorado
City: Coleman vicinity
County: Coleman
Year Marker Erected: 1936
Marker Location: From Coleman take SH 206 about 5.3 miles; head east
on FM 2302 about 6 miles. Head south on dirt road about 1.6 miles
to marker (on private property).
Marker Text: Originally established on the Colorado River by the United
States Army as a protection for the frontier against hostile Indians;
moved in August, 1856, to this site; abandoned by Federal troops February
26, 1861. The site became the property in 1870 of Henry Sackett (1851-1928),
who built his home here in 1879. From here he, with Maltby's Rangers,
in 1874, pursued the bands of Big Foot and Jape, Comanche chiefs,
and defeated them.
CRANE COUNTY
Marker Title: Crane County
City: Crane
County: Crane
Year Marker Erected: 1936
Marker Location: On US 385 about 5 miles N. of Crane in Roadside Park
Marker Text: Formed from Tom Green County Created February 26, 1887
Organized September 3, 1927. Named in honor of William Carey Crane
1816-1885. A Baptist minister President of Baylor University 1863-1885
Crane, The County Seat. (1 mi. N Crane, State Hwy. 51)
Marker Title: Horsehead Crossing of the Pecos
City: Crane
County: Crane
Year Marker Erected: 1936
Marker Location: Located in the Crane TxDot scrapyard, US 385 1 mile
N of Crane Marker Text: Well known to frontiersmen and used by emigrants
for several years preceding, this crossing was an important point
on the southern overland mail (Butterfield route) which Linked St.
Louis and San Francisco with a semi-weekly mail and stage service
1858-1861.
Marker Title: Horsehead Crossing, C. S. A.
City: Crane
County: Crane
Year Marker Erected: 1965
Marker Location: In Roadside Park on US 385/67 in far SE corner of
Crane County
Marker Text: One of the most important sites in the old west. Named
for skulls pointing toward crossing. Only ford for many miles where
animals could enter, drink and leave Pecos River safely. Elsewhere
deep banks would trap them. Ford mapped 1849 by Capt. R. B. Marcy,
head of army escort for parties on way to California gold rush. Used
in 1850's contractor for first mail route from San Antonio to El Paso.
As change station, echoed with brass bugle call of Butterfield coach
carrying mail from St. Louis to San Francisco, in first stage service
to span continent, 1858-1861. During the Civil War, 1861-1865, used
by wagons hauling highly valuable salt scooped from bed of nearby
Juan Cordona Lake, to meet Texas scarcities. Also scene of spying
and counterspying of Federal and Confederates watching Overland Trail.
Federal, operating out of El Paso, feared invasion by way of Horsehead.
Confederates several times threw back armies that sought to enter
the state in order to deploy along the old Overland Trail and conquer
north and west Texas. Later this became important crossing for cattle
on Goodnight-Loving trail, mapped in 1866. (1965)
UPTON COUNTY
Marker Title: Castle Mountain
City: McCamey
County: Upton
Year Marker Erected: 1966
Designations: Recorded Texas Historic Landmark
Marker Location: From Crane, 8 miles S. on U. S. 385 to Roadside Park
(marker was in Crane County).
Marker Text: About 3,000 ft. elevation. Since 17th century, a landmark
in travel from Texas points to Mexico and California. According to
tradition, named by Spaniards for resemblance to ancient castles.
Has associations with stories of lost trains of gold and other treasures.
Recorded Texas Historic Landmark, 1966.
Marker Title: Castle Gap
Address: US 67, E of McCamey
City: McCamey
County: Upton
Year Marker Erected: 1962
Marker Location: On US 67 about 5 miles E of McCamey
Marker Text: Castle Gap, famous early pass for southwestern trails,
lies 14 miles northwest along the Upton-Crane County line. Through
this mile-long gap between Castle and King mountains flowed the full
panorama of Texas history-- Indian, Spaniard, Stage and Trail Herd
Driver, Settler, '49er. In prehistoric time Castle Gap was a landmark
for nomadic Indian tribes and later guided the Commanches on their
war trail into Mexico. The first white man to discover the pass was
probably the Spanish explorer Felipe Rabago y Teran in 1761. Then
came the '49ers in their frenzied rush to the California gold fields,
to be followed by other, more permanent settlers. From 1858 to 1861
the famed Butterfield Overland Mail coaches rumbled through the pass
on their 24-day journey from St. Louis to San Francisco, pausing briefly
at the adobe-walled Castle Gap station for fresh teams. Then they
were off again, fording into the sunset. By 1866 the Goodnight-Loving
cattle trail was firmly established at the gap, funneling tens of
thousands of brawling longhorn cattle to the northern markets. During
this same period, legend holds that a treasure-laden aide of Emperor
Maximilian of Mexico, fleeing the country when the regime collapsed,
buried gold and jewels in the area. Dust of the pioneers settled long
ago. Today Castle Gap slumbers peacefully, disturbed only by visitors,
occasional treasure hunters and those who probe for ruins of the Butterfield
station and the rapidly fading ruts of coach and wagon.
Marker Title: Early Humble Camp in Permian Basin
Address: US 67, across from Santa Fe Park
City: McCamey
County: Upton
Year Marker Erected: 1967
Marker Location: On US 67, Eastern edge of McCamey, across from Santa
Fe Park
Marker Text: The World's largest complex of oil wells in the 1920s
was developed in this area. Key to success of this vast petroleum
field lay in finding ways to convey oil to growing fuel markets. First
efficient transportation came in 1925 with the laying of the Humble
pipeline from Kemper Station, near Big Lake, to Comyn Station (a distance
of about 500 miles), to connect with existing Comyn-Baytown system.
Early camp for pipeline construction crews was built here 1926 when
Humble extended its line west from Big Like Field. Camp's site led
to growth of McCamey and building of a refinery. McCamey became important
center of oil production and operation. A constant flow of oil went
through Humble's pipeline on its long journey to the Gulf Coast. Even
with use of pipeline and railroad tank cars, more oil was produced
than could be marketed. New practices had to be used to prevent overproduction
and waste. Thus Humble pipeline became involved in the first voluntary
proration in Texas, when in 1928 producing capacity of local wells
was reduced to a level consistent with transportation facilities.
Today in Texas, Humble has 15,000 oil and gas wells; 9,545 miles of
pipeline; and one refinery.
Marker Title: King Mountain
Address: US 385, W of McCamey
City: McCamey
County: Upton
Year Marker Erected: 1968
Marker Location: About 3 miles NW of McCamey on US 385
Marker Text: Probably named for Guy King, rancher who drilled first
water well on top of mountain about 1900. Elevation is 3,000 feet.
Part of an uplift in southern Permian Basin; associated with county
oil fields. Many Indian relics have been found along the Rim Rock.
Marker Title: Mendoza Trail
Address: US 67, in Santa Fe Park
City: McCamey
County: Upton
Year Marker Erected: 1967
Designations: Recorded Texas Historic Landmark
Marker Location: On US 67, Eastern edge of McCamey in Santa Fe Park
Marker Text: Route taken, 1683-1684, by the party of Lt. Gen. Juan
Dominguez de Mendoza, whose purpose was to explore the Pecos Plains,
obtain pearls from Texas rivers, and Christianize the Jumano Indians.
Starting 12 miles below El Paso, the party of 35 traveled first southeast,
then northeast into Texas, Crossing future Upton County. They found
many pearls near present San Angelo; and at the confluence of the
Concho and Colorado rivers, they founded San Clemente Mission. Two
centuries later, part of Mendoza's route was taken by the Goodnight-Loving
cattle trail. Recorded Texas Historic Landmark, 1967.
Museum Name: Mendoza Trail Museum
Mailing Address: P. O. Drawer B
Street Address: Santa Fe Park Hwy 67 E
City: McCamey
Zip Code: 79752
Area Code: 915
Phone: 652-3192
County: Upton
Museum Name: Rankin Museum
Mailing Address: P. O. Box 82
Street Address: 101 W 5th S of Hwy 67
City: Rankin
Zip Code: 79778-0082
County: Upton
Marker Title: Upton County
Address: US 67, East of Rankin in roadside park
City: Rankin
County: Upton
Year Marker Erected: 1936
Marker Location: On US 67, about 6 miles E of Rankin in Roadside park
Marker Text: Formed from Tom Green County created February 26, 1887
- organized May 7, 1910. Named in honor of John Cunningham Upton 1828-1868.
A distinguished Confederate officer killed at Manassas, August 30,
1862. County Seat, Upland, 1910-1921; Rankin, since. A cattle and
sheep raising county, oil wells dot the county.
Marker Title: John C. Upton and His Brother, W. F. Upton
Address: 10th and Rankin St.
City: Rankin
County: Upton
Year Marker Erected: 1963
Marker Location: Courthouse Lawn, (corner of 10th and Rankin Sts.)
Rankin
Marker Text: County named for Texas Confederates (Star and Wreath).
Colonel John Cunningham Upton (1828-1862) Born Tennessee. Came to
Texas 1859. Raised company outbreak of Civil War. Attached to 5th
Texas Infantry, Hood's famed Texas Brigade, fighting in the campaigns
in and around Virginia. Rose to Lt. Colonel of his regiment. The day
before his death at the Battle of Second Manassas, led charge upon
the enemy rear guard which was a seldom seen, yet brilliantly executed
move. Colonel William F. Upton (1832-1887) Born Tennessee. Came to
Texas 1853. When Civil War broke, enlisted Texas state troops mustered
in for Texas frontier protection. He served in various military units
in Texas, helping to successfully guard the 2000 miles of frontier
and coastline open to Union or Indian attack. Promoted to Lt. Colonel
of Mann's regiment, stationed in Galveston area along with other Texas
troops to prevent expected mass Union invasion in 1865. Member of
State Legislature 1866, 1876-82.
REAGAN COUNTY
Marker Title: Grierson Spring
County: Reagan
Year Marker Erected: 1936
Marker Location: N/A
Marker Text: Established as an outpost to Fort Concho, April 30th,
1878. Stage stand on the Ft. Concho to Ft. Stockton route, 1875-1882.
Named in honor of General Benjamin H. Grierson who commanded the Federal
troops in the region, April 23, 1875, to July 20th, 1882. Abandoned
as a military post in 1882.
Marker Title: Martin-Castillo Expedition
Address: US 67, Main and 2nd Streets
City: Big Lake
County: Reagan
Year Marker Erected: 1970
Marker Location: US67 at corner of Main and 2nd, Big Lake
Marker Text: Explored the Concho River, 32 miles north of here, gathering
information on Jumano Indians and searching for pearls, 1650. Setting
out from Santa Fe, Capts. Hernan Martin and Diego Del Castillo traveled
about 600 miles to the Jumano territory, where they stayed for 6 months.
Further travels took them to the edge of the Texas nation, where they
obtained the first information definitely about the tribe that gave
Texas its name. The "discoveries" of their journey -- pearls
and the Texas nation -- sparked later important Spanish expeditions
to East Texas.
Marker Title: Reagan County
Address: US 67, about 3 mi W of Big Lake
City: Big Lake
County: Reagan
Year Marker Erected: 1936
Marker Location: about 3 miles west of Big Lake on US 67 in Roadside
Park
Marker Text: Formed from Tom Green County; created March 7, 1903,
organized April 20, 1903. Named in honor of John H. Reagan 1818-1905.
Indian fighter and surveyor member of Texas Legislature and United
States Congress postmaster general of the southern Confederacy. County
seat, Stiles 1903-1925, Big Lake since.
IRION COUNTY
Marker Title: Site of Coughlin's Stage Stand
City: Mertzon vicinity
County: Irion
Year Marker Erected: 1936
Marker Location: from Mertzon take FM 2469 W about 22 mi. to FM 163,
go N about 10.5 mi. to private ranch road - Marker is on ranch on
private property.
Marker Text: On the southern overland route, St. Louis to San Francisco,
1858-1861. Later known as Camp Charlotte.
Marker Title: Dove Creek Battle
City: Mertzon
County: Irion
Year Marker Erected: 1963
Marker Location: Courthouse lawn, corner of Sherwood and Parkview
Marker Text: On January 8, 1865 eight miles east of here Confederate
troops and Texas militiamen engaged a large party of Kickapoo Indians.
The Indians, formerly hostile to the South, had entered Texas without
authority and were making their way to Mexico. Troops attacked them
and following five hours of desperate fighting, withdrew, having suffered
the loss of 22 killed and 19 wounded. Indian losses from the encounter
were probably less. Later raids by the Kickapoos were traced to the
Dove Creek fight. Erected by the State of Texas 1963.
Marker Title: Dove Creek Battlefield
City: Mertzon vicinity
County: Irion
Year Marker Erected: 1936
Marker Location: private property on the Dove Creek Ranch, 8 mi. SE
of Mertzon via FM 915 and CR 113.
Marker Text: Around this mountain a battle was fought on January 8,
1865 between 2000 Indians and Texas Rangers and State Troops commanded
by Captains John Fossett and S. S. Totten. Four officers and 22 of
their men lie in unmarked graves nearby.
Marker Title: Irion County
City: Mertzon
County: Irion
Year Marker Erected: 1936
Marker Location: on US 67, 2 mi. N of Mertzon
Marker Text: Created March 7,1889 Organized April 16,1889 Named in
honor of Robert Anderson Irion, 1806-1860. Came to Texas in 1833 and
located at Nacogdoches. Member of the first Texas Congress. Secretary
of State in the cabinet of President Houston, 1837-1838. Sherwood,
the county seat.
Museum Name: Irion County Musuem
Mailing Address: 301 Horseshoe Bend Trail
Street Address: Fayette and 1st Streets
City: Mertzon
Zip Code: 76941
Area Code: 915
Phone: 835-4583
County: Irion
Marker Title: Texas Civil War Indian Trouble
City: Mertzon
County: Irion
Year Marker Erected: 1963
Marker Location: Courthouse lawn, corner of Sherwood and Parkview
Marker Text: War brought turmoil to Indians living in Kansas and the
Indian Territory, with unfortunate results for Texans on the frontier.
Most Cherokees, Choctaws, Creeks and Seminoles aided the South, while
others adhered to the North. Few Comanches made a treaty with the
South; but a great majority with their allies, the Kiowas, held aloof
from either side and plundered the frontier at will. Apaches and Kickapoos
did the same from Mexico. Texas and Confederate troops, despite poor
arms and mounts, held defense lines until war's end. (1963)
TOM GREEN COUNTY
Marker Title: Enlisted Men's Barracks, #5
Address: Ave. C & Burgess, Fort Concho
City: San Angelo
County: Tom Green
Year Marker Erected: 1962
Designations: Recorded Texas Historic Landmark
Marker Location: Fort Concho, 2nd Building, West from corner of Burgess
& Ave C Marker Text: N/A
Marker Title: Enlisted Men's Barracks, #6
Address: Ave. C & Burgess St., Fort Concho
City: San Angelo
County: Tom Green
Year Marker Erected: 1962
Designations: Recorded Texas Historic Landmark
Marker Location: Corner of Ave C and Burgess St. San Angelo
Marker Text: N/A
Marker Title: Fort Concho
Address: Oakes & D St.
City: San Angelo
County: Tom Green
Year Marker Erected: 1970
Marker Location: Oakes St. at corner of Oakes & Ave. D, San Angelo
Marker Text: The center of a line of forts extending from the northeastern
border of Texas to El Paso. Was also northern point of southern chain
of forts extending to Rio Grande, thence along that river to its mouth.
Established 1867 (at then junction of Butterfield Trail, Goodnight
Trail and road to San Antonio) by 4th Cavalry under Capt. George G.
Huntt to protect frontier. By March 1, 1870, fort buildings were (in
order of their construction) a commissary and quartermaster storehouse,
hospital, five officers quarters, a magazine and two barracks-- all
built of sandstone. Among those who commanded post were: Gen. Wm.
R. Shafter (later major general of volunteers, Spanish-American War;
commanded troops at capture of Santiago de Cuba, July 1898); Maj.
John P. Hatch (at one time fort was named in his honor); Gen. Wesley
Merritt (first commander of Fort Davis after Civil War; was later
superintendent of U. S. Military Academy at West Point); Gen. Ranald
Slidell Mackenzie (who led attacks, from this and other forts, credited
with defeat of Indian resistance in southwest); and Gen. Benjamin
H. Grierson, commander of Negro troops of 10th Cavalry. On June 20,
1889, fort was abandoned as a military post and property passed into
private ownership. (1970)
Marker Title: Chapel and School House of Fort Concho
Address: Ave. D and Burgess St.
City: San Angelo
County: Tom Green
Year Marker Erected: 1962
Designations: Recorded Texas Historic Landmark
Marker Location: Located on southwest corner of intersection of E.
Ave. D and Burgess Street. Fort Concho, San Angelo
Marker Text: N/A
Marker Title: Administration Building of the Fort Concho
Address: Fort Concho, between Ave. C & D
City: San Angelo
County: Tom Green
Year Marker Erected: 1962
Designations: Recorded Texas Historic Landmark
Marker Location: Fort Concho on Center Green, N. End, between Avenues
C & D, San Angelo
Marker Text:--
Museum Name: Fort Concho National Historic Landmark
Address: 630 S Oakes
City: San Angelo
County: Tom Green
Zip Code: 76903
Area Code: 915
Phone: 481-2646
Marker Title: Officers Quarters No. 2
Address: 115 East Ave. D.
City: San Angelo
County: Tom Green
Year Marker Erected: 1962
Designations: Recorded Texas Historic Landmark
Marker Location: 115 East Avenue D, San Angelo 2nd building from West
end of Officers Row.
Marker Text: N/A
Marker Title: Officers Quarters No. 4, Fort Concho, Texas (missing)
Address: 201 East Ave. D
City: San Angelo
County: Tom Green
Year Marker Erected: 1962
Designations: Recorded Texas Historic Landmark
Marker Location: 201 East Avenue D
Marker Text: N/A
Marker Title: Officers Quarters No. 8, Fort Concho, Texas.
Address: Fort Concho, Ave C.
City: San Angelo
County: Tom Green
Year Marker Erected: 1962
Designations: Recorded Texas Historic Landmark
Marker Location: Bldg. on North one-half of Lot No. 8, Block 55, Ft.
Concho Addition
Marker Text: N/A
Marker Title: The Tenth Cavalry
Address: Ave. D & Oakes St.
City: San Angelo
County: Tom Green
Year Marker Erected: 1987
Marker Location: Corner of Ave D & Oakes St. (on Oakes St.) Fort
Concho National Historic Site.
Marker Text: Following the Civil War, the United States Congress authorized
the creation of six regiments of black U.S. Army troops. The Tenth
Cavalry was organized in 1867 under the leadership of Col. Benjamin
Grierson (1826-1911). The order creating black troops also specified
that they would be commanded by white officers. Facing problems of
racial discrimination at the regiment's headquarters in Fort Leavenworth,
Kansas, Grierson wanted the Tenth Cavalry reassigned to the West,
and they arrived at Fort Concho in the Spring of 1875. The contributions
of the men of the Tenth Cavalry to the settlement of the American
West are of major importance. They took part in grueling scouting
and mapping expeditions and campaigns against hostile Indians, often
facing days without proper supplies or water on the high plains. They
were instrumental in the defeat of the Mescalero Apache Indians led
by Chief Victorio in 1880. The men of the Tenth Cavalry were stationed
at Fort Concho until 1882, when they were moved to Fort Davis. Transferred
frequently after 1885, members of the unit eventually served throughout
the world, including Cuba, North Africa, Germany, Korea, and Vietnam.
(1987)
CONCHO COUNTY
Marker Title: John S. Chisum, Confederate Beef Contractor
City: Paint Rock vicinity
County: Concho
Year Marker Erected: 1965
Marker Location: from Paint Rock, take US 83 north about 4 miles.
Marker Text: (1824-1884) On this site during the Civil War and later,
grazed by tens of thousands the Longhorns of cattle baron John S.
Chisum. Ranch headquarters were 10 miles east. Here in 1863-1865,
Chisum not only ranched but also was buyer of cattle to feed Confederate
armies stationed west of the Mississippi River. Born in Tennessee,
he came to the Republic of Texas in 1837. After a term as Lamar County
clerk, started ranching in 1853. For room to expand, moved his well
known "Jingle - Bob" herds to the Concho in 1863. Though
he was not the man who gave the name to the famed northbound trail
(this was Jesse Chisolm) John S. Chisum's drives were heroic. Herds
bound in wartime for Louisiana army camps had to by-pass or to fight
Indians, rustlers and occasionally a federal patrol. Concho cattle
had to swim across the deep, cold Brazos River. Here cowboys would
prod a heavy, wild bull till he was angry; then he would turn on men
and horses. Or the Brazos itself killed men and horses. Still beef
went through to the Confederates. After the war, Chisum developed
ranches in New Mexico and was a bystander in the Lincoln County Wars
of Billy the Kid and other desperados. (1965)
Marker Title: Largest Pictograph Site in Texas
City: Paint Rock vicinity
County: Concho
Year Marker Erected: 1936
Marker Location: from Paint Rock, take US 83 north 1 mile, turn west
just north of Concho River Bridge and follow gravel road 1.5 miles
(Private)
Marker Text: 1500 paintings by various tribes at widely differing
dates are scattered along the bluff for a half mile. Most outstanding
pictorial contribution of the nomadic tribes of Texas.
Marker Title: Site of Mission San Clemente
City: Millersview vicinity
County: Concho
Year Marker Erected: 1936
Marker Location: 12 miles north of Millersview on FM 2134
Marker Text: At the juncture of the Concho and Colorado rivers. Established
March 16, 1684, by the Mendoza Expedition for the purpose of civilizing
and Christianizing the Indians of the region.
TERRELL COUNTY
Museum Name: Terrell County Memorial Museum
Mailing Address: P. O. Box 7
Street Address: 210 Mansfield St.
City: Sanderson
Zip Code: 79848
County: Terrell
Marker Title: Terrell County
Address: US 90
City: Sanderson
County: Terrell
Year Marker Erected: 1936
Marker Location: On US 90, 1 mile W. of Sanderson
Marker Text: Formed from Pecos County. Created April 8,1905, organized
September 19, 1905. Named in honor of Alexander Watkins Terrell 1827-1912.
A distinguished officer in the confederate army member of the Texas
legislature for sixteen years. Sanderson, the County Seat.
Marker Title: General Alexander W. Terrell
Address: Hackberry & Second St.
City: Sanderson
County: Terrell
Year Marker Erected: 1963
Marker Location: Courthouse Lawn, corner of Hackberry and Second Sts.,
Sanderson Marker Text: Born Virginia. Came to Texas 1852-Dist. Judge
1857-63. Entered confederate service 1863 as Lt. Col. Commanded Terrell's
Texas cavalry. Assigned special duty to try to keep open vital supply
sources of cotton-lifeblood of South. Led his unit in Red River campaign
1864 to prevent Union invasion of Texas, being wounded battle Mansfield.
Promoted Brigadier General 1865. Went to Mexico rather than surrender
at war's end, soon returned to Texas. As state legislator authored
present primary election law. Minister to Turkey 1893-97. Outstanding
lawyer and public servant. Texas made an all-out effort for the confederacy
after a 3 to 1 popular vote for secession. 90,000 troops, famed for
mobility and daring, fought on every battlefront. A 2,000-mile frontier
and coastline was successfully defended from union troops and savage
Indians. Wagon trains, laden with cotton-life blood of the south-crossed
the state to Mexico to trade for medical supplies, clothing, military
goods, state and private industry produced wagons, pots, kettles,
leather goods, ammunition, guns, salt, hospital supplies. At home
old men, women, children, slaves provided grain, meats, cotton, cloth
to the army, giving much, keeping little. A memorial to Texans who
served the confederacy erected by the state of Texas 1963.
Just 61 short miles to the east in the city of Langtry
is the Judge Roy Bean Visitor's Center.
Museum Name: Judge Roy Bean Visitor Center
Mailing Address: P. O. Box 160
City: Langtry
Zip Code: 78871
Area Code: 915
Phone: 291-3340
County: Val Verde
CROCKETT COUNTY
Marker Title: The Chihuahua Trail and Escondido Water Hole
Address: Fort Lancaster State Historic Park
City: Ozona
County: Crockett
Year Marker Erected: 1976
Marker Location: Visitor's Center Parking Area, Fort Lancaster SH
Park, 36 miles west of Ozona Via IH-10 and US 290.
Marker Text: The Chihuahua Trail was opened by segments, but was not
called by this name until the 19th century. A small part of the route,
along the nearby Pecos River, was followed by the Spaniard Gaspar
Castano de Sosa in 1590, during an expedition to New Mexico. By 1850,
the trail was finally extended to connect the city of Chihuahua and
the Texas Gulf Coast, by way of San Antonio. Gold seekers going to
California found it practical because it touched at all known water
holes in this rugged terrain. Heaviest use of the trail came during
the mid-1870s, when freighters transported tons of silver and copper
from the state of Chihuahua for shipment to the eastern U.S. One of
the landmarks along the Chihuahua Trail in this part of western Texas
was Escondido ("Hidden") water hole, seven miles southeast
of Fort Lancaster. A small, deep well in the side of a rugged canyon,
this water source was very hard to find, but saved the lives of many
travelers. However, it is flanked by rock cairns marking the graves
of some who died near the water hole of accidents or disease.
Marker Title: Comstock-Ozona Stage Stand, Site of
City: Ozona
County: Crockett
Year Marker Erected: 1972
Marker Location: on SH 163, about 20 miles south of Ozona
Marker Text: Flagstone ruins nearby mark site of early 1900's stage
stand, first stop on passenger and mail line connecting Ozona with
Southern Pacific railhead at Comstock--80 miles distant. When stage
pulled in about 8:30 A.M. (having left Ozona at 5:00) agent had fresh
horses in harness for next 20-mile run. Agent's family lived in tent
with a flagstone floor. Other structures here were rock pens for a
pig and cow and probably a corral for horses. Automobile replaced
stage about 1914, but wagon ruts are still visible.
Marker Title: Crockett County
Address: Courthouse Grounds
City: Ozona
County: Crockett
Year Marker Erected: 1936
Marker Location: on Courthouse grounds, corner of 11th and Avenue
D, Ozona
Marker Text: Formed from Bexar Territory Created January 22, 1875
Organized July 7, 1891. Named in honor of David Crockett 1786-1836.
Member of the United States Congress from Tennessee Killed at the
Alamo Ozona, County Seat.
Museum Name: Crockett County Museum
Mailing Address: P. O. Box 1444
Street Address: 404 11th Street
City: Ozona
Zip Code: 76943
Area Code: 915
Phone: 392-2837
County: Crockett
Marker Title: Crockett, David
City: Ozona
County: Crockett
Marker Location: on Courthouse grounds, corner of 11th and Avenue
D, Ozona
Marker Text: Was born in Tennessee on August 17, 1786 Participated
in the Creek Indian Campaign 1813-1814 Member of the Tennessee House
of Representatives 1821-1823. United States Congressman from Tennessee
1827-1831 and 1833-1835 Arrived in Texas in January 1836 Died a hero
at the Alamo March the Sixth 1836. .. Be sure you are right - then
go ahead ..
Marker Title: Fort Lancaster, C. S. A.
Address: Courthouse Grounds
City: Ozona
County: Crockett
Year Marker Erected: 1963
Marker Location: on Courthouse grounds, corner of 11th and Avenue
D, Ozona
Marker Text: Site 33 miles west on US 90. Upon U. S. surrender Texas
Forts start of Civil War, made part Confederate far western frontier
line. Occupied by 2nd Texas cavalry. On supply line to and from Arizona-New
Mexico Campaign 1861-62, intended to make Confederacy an ocean to
ocean nation. When regular patrols to guard supply trains and check
Indian activities grew dull, life spiced by camp newspaper and nightly
sport of shooting pesky coyotes. A memorial to Texans who served the
Confederacy erected by the State of Texas. (1963)
Marker Title: Fort Lancaster, Ruins of
City: Ozona
County: Crockett
Year Marker Erected: 1936
Marker Location: at the ruins of Fort Lancaster, 36 miles west of
Ozona via I-10 and US 290.
Marker Text: Established in 1855 by the United States Government as
a protection to travelers and mail on the overland route from San
Antonio to San Diego. Abandoned in 1861. Reoccupied in 1868 for a
short time. 1966 Established August 20, 1855. By United States Government.
One half-mile above the junction of Live Oak Creek with the Pecos
River in present Crockett County. Garrisoned by U.S. Second Cavalry
who protected travellers and mail on the San Antonio - El Paso Military
Road. Fort was abandoned March 18, 1861, after Texas seceded from
the Union. Reoccupied by Federal troops, 1868, for a short time. At
Pecos River, just south of Hwy. 290 river bridge, is one of the most
used Texas pioneer fords. Ruts made by wagon wheels sliding downhill
are plainly visible. (new marker that is now missing -1966-) behind
TxDot Ozona Office on SH 163 N in scrapyard - poor, star and plate
missing.
Marker Title: Government Road, Old
City: Ozona
County: Crockett
Year Marker Erected: 1968
Marker Location: Lancaster Hill Roadside Park, 30.5 miles west of
Ozona on Hwy. 290 (via I-10).
Marker Text: Route of march and troop supply on Texas frontier. Followed
in part pre-Columbian Indian trails and "Old Chihuahua Trail"
that ran from San Antonio to El Paso and Mexico. In 1840s this was
extended to Gulf Coast Port of Indianola where imported goods arrived
from the United States and Europe, and were freighted out to be exchanged
in Chihuahua for ore of silver and gold, leather goods, and other
products. In 1848 water holes and camp sites were marked as this road
was re-charted for use of U.S. troops sent to protect Texas frontiers
from Indian invasions. Army posts were built along this road: Fort
Clark, between San Antonio and Del Rio, 1852; Fort Davis, in the Davis
Mountains, 1854; Camp Lancaster, at this site, became Fort Lancaster
in 1856. Camp Hudson and Fort Stockton were founded in 1857 and 1859.
With all the army traffic, trail won new name of "Government
Road." Pioneer settlers, adventurers, California-bound gold seekers--even
camel trains in government service--traveled this road in spite of
frequent encounters with Comanches, Apaches, Kiowas, and other Indians.
The Army finally stationed troops in continuous picket line from San
Antonio to El Paso. However, it was not until 1870 that relatively
safe passage was assured.
Marker Title: Howard's Well
City: Ozona
County: Crockett
Year Marker Erected: 1976
Marker Location: Visitor's Center Parking Area, Fort Lancaster SH
Park 36 miles west of Ozona via IH-10 and US 290.
Marker Text: First known to civilized men in the 18th century, when,
according to legend, Franciscan Padre Alvarez prayed for water to
ease his thirst, put down his staff, and saw a spring gush forth from
the ground. This landmark of western travel was named for its discoverer,
Richard A. Howard of San Antonio, an ex-Texas Ranger. Howard and other
men, along with 15 Delaware Indian guides, made up an expedition sent
out in 1848 under Col. John Coffee Hays to map a wagon road from San
Antonio to El Paso. Although aided by the discovery of the well, the
expedition failed, turning back in a state of near-starvation. In
1849 the US Army made its maps of the route, with Howard along as
a guide. Many forty-niners went this way to the California gold rush.
In 1853 the first regular San Antonio to El Paso mail line was routed
by way of the well. So were many later ventures. Although white travelers
seldom caught sight of them, Indians frequented the well. There on
April 20, 1872, Comanches and Kiowas surprised a large wagon train
led by a man named Gonzales, and killed 16 persons. This was one of
the events that led to the US Government's cancellation of hunting
permits for reservation Indians.
Museum Name: Fort Lancaster State Historical Park
Mailing Address: P. O. Box 306
Street Address: 8 miles east on US 290
City: Sheffield
Zip Code: 79781
Area Code: 915
Phone: 836-4391
County: Crockett
SUTTON COUNTY
Museum Name: Miers Home Museum
Mailing Address: P. O. Box 885
Street Address: 307 E Oak Street
City: Sonora
Zip Code: 76950
Area Code: 915
Phone: 387-5144
County: Sutton
Marker Title: Sutton County
Address: SH 67, E of Sonora
City: Sonora
County: Sutton
Year Marker Erected: 1936
Marker Location: 4 miles east of Sonora on SH 467
Marker Text: Has traces of culture at least 20,000 years old, occupied
by Apache Indians up to founding of Fort Terrett, 1852. Anglo-Texan
settlement began 1879 at Sonora, a trading post on San Antonio-El
Paso Road. Created April 1, 1887, from land then in Crockett County;
organized November 4, 1890, with Sonora as the county seat. Named
in honor of John S. Sutton (1821-1862), a member of Santa Fe Expedition,
Texas Ranger and Indian fighter, soldier in Mexican War and colonel
of Mounted Volunteers, who died of wounds received in Civil War Battle
of Val Verde. 1936/1965
Marker Title: Colonel John S. Sutton
Address: Water & Main St.
City: Sonora
County: Sutton
Year Marker Erected: 1962
Marker Location: Courthouse Grounds; corner of Water and Main Streets
Sonora
Marker Text: An outbreak Civil War, this veteran soldier, Ranger,
Indian fighter joined 7th Regiment Texas Mounted Volunteers. Elected
Lt. Colonel, led five companies Arizona-New Mexico campaign designed
to make Confederacy an ocean to ocean nation. Mortally wounded in
Battle of Val Verde while leading rifle assault against enemy cannons,
he refused immediate aid and motioned on his battalion which captured
the battery. A memorial to Texans who served the Confederacy.
Marker Title: Fort Terrett Headquarters
Address: CR 307 off IH 10 via exit 429
City: Sonora
County: Sutton
Year Marker Erected: 1962
Designations: Recorded Texas Historic Landmark
Marker Location: From Sonora, take I-10 East about 30 miles to Exit
429 go under I-10 to FM 3130, go East on 3130 about 1 mile to CR 307,
go down CR 307 about 1 mile to Ranch Headquarters *Private property*
Marker Text: N/A
Marker Title: Site of Fort Terrett
Address: CR 307 off IH 10 via exit 429
City: Sonora
County: Sutton
Year Marker Erected: 1936
Marker Location: From Sonora, take I-10 East about 30 miles to Exit
429 go under I-10 to FM 3130, go east on 3130 about 1 mile to CR 307,
go down CR 307 about 1 mile to marker.
Marker Text: Established February 5, 1852 by the United States Army
as a protection to frontier settlers, named in honor of Lieutenant
John C. Terrett who fell at Monterrey, September 21, 1846; abandoned
February 26, 1854.
EDWARDS COUNTY
Marker Title: The Pioneer Coalsons
City: Barksdale
County: Edwards
Year Marker Erected: 1972
Marker Location: .5 miles north of Nueces River on SH 55; Barksdale
Marker Text: Indians attacked goat camp of Nick Coalson on June 1,
1877; son Arthur, 10, was killed; Johnny, 14, wounded. Coalson escaped
after 3 hours of hard fighting. One year later he lost his wife Alice,
a daughter Etta Elizabeth (twin of Arthur), and infant stepson in
another Indian raid. Captains Pat Dolan and Dan Roberts with Texas
Ranger units, S. D. Coalson (Nick's son), U.S. Army scout Jim Hill,
Jim and John Welch, and Henry and Sam Wells pursued but failed to
find the Indians. The victim's graves are near old homesite, on Half
Moon Prairie. Coalson descendants are prominent in Texas history.
(1972)
Marker Title: Dixie Settlement
City: Barksdale
County: Edwards
Year Marker Erected: 1974
Marker Location: .5 miles north of Nueces River on SH 55; Barksdale
Marker Text: Named for Camp Dixie, a Texas Ranger post near Military
Road to Fort Inge (42 miles southeast). First civilian settler was
Jerusha Sanchez, midwife for Nueces Canyon area, widowed by Indians
in the 1870s. Next came Elizabeth Hill, whose eldest son Jim was a
military scout. Lewis Barksdale, a veteran of Republic of Texas wars,
opened a ranch on his 1876 land grant. The J. R. (Bob) Sweeten family
established a store that became the focus for the expanding community.
When a post office was created in 1882 and named for Lewis Barksdale,
the name Dixie disappeared from use. (1974)
Marker Title: Edwards County
City: Rocksprings
County: Edwards
Year Marker Erected: 1967
Marker Location: south end of courthouse square, Rocksprings
Marker Text: Atop the Edwards Plateau, extending into the scenic Nueces
Valley. Angora goat capital of the world. The economy is based on
ranching. Wild game is abundant. Created in 1858 and organized 1883
from old Bexar district. Named for Haden Edwards (1813-1865), an early
leader and colonizer in Texas. First county seat was Leakey; present
boundaries were created, and county seat was moved on April 13, 1891,
to Rocksprings. First courthouse and jail were built that year. After
a fire in 1897, the present courthouse was erected; it withstood a
destructive tornado that claimed 72 lives in the county in 1927. First
officials to serve the county (1891-1893) as it is presently constituted
were the following: James M. Hunter, County Judge; W. M. Sanford,
County and District Clerk; Ira L. Wheat, Sheriff and Tax Collector;
S.A. Hough, County Attorney; W.H. Cowan, County Treasurer County Commissioners:
John Eaton, Precinct No. 1; C. H. Kirchner, Precinct No. 2; H. Schweithelm,
Precinct No. 3; M. M. Bradford, Precinct No. 4 (1967)
Marker Title: Stopping Place on the Fort Clark-Fort McKavett Military Road
City: Rocksprings
County: Edwards
Marker Location: from Rocksprings take US Highway 377 north approximately
20.5 miles.
Marker Text: One of many roads built to connect frontier cavalry posts
in Texas, this route led south to Fort Clark and north to Fort McKavett
(both established in 1852). Rocksprings, located here at the head
of the South Llano River, was a natural mid-way rest stop. In 1877
Major John B. Jones' Texas Rangers assembled here to begin a major
offensive to capture frontier outlaws. In addition to its military
uses, the Fort Clark-Fort McKavett Road provided an accessible route
for immigrants, cattle drovers, pioneer ranchers, mail carriers, and
freighters. (1968, 1990)
Marker Title: Mackenzie Trail
City: Rocksprings
County: Edwards
Year Marker Erected: 1977
Marker Location: from Rocksprings take SH 55 north approximately 9
miles
Marker Text: When the U.S. Army built Forts Clark (70 miles southwest)
and McKavett (90 miles northeast) in 1852, this frontier trail connected
the posts. After Fort Concho was established in 1867, the trail was
extended farther north, to present San Angelo. It was later named
for Col. Ranald S. Mackenzie, the 1873 commander of Fort Clark, who
traveled it in his campaigns against hostile Indians. One of its landmarks
was Mackenzie Lake (6.5 miles north), which furnished water for the
troops, for cattle drives up the trail, for settlers, and for Texas
Rangers on frontier patrols. (1977)
Marker Title: Clinton LaFayette Smith
City: Rocksprings
County: Edwards
Year Marker Erected: 2001
Marker Location: Rocksprings Cemetery, on SH 41, 1 mile north of US
377
Marker Text: Clinton (Clint) Lafayette Smith, son of Henry M. and
Fanny (Short) Smith, was born in Kendall County, Texas. Clint, age
11, and his brother Jeff, age 9, were kidnapped by Lipan and Comanche
Indians while herding sheep near their home in 1871. Clint was adopted
by Chief Tasacowadi and lived with the Comanche for five years, until
he gave himself up in a trade for Indians imprisoned at Fort Sill,
Oklahoma. After returning to his family, Smith became a trail driver
and Angora goat breeder. He moved to Rocksprings in 1910 with his
wife, Dixie (Dyche), and children. (2001)
REAL COUNTY
Marker Title: Site of Camp Wood
Address: SH 55
City: Camp Wood
County: Real
Year Marker Erected: 1936
Marker Location: from Camp Wood go north on SH 55 approximately .2
miles
Marker Text: Established May 20, 1857, as a means of preventing Indian
raids on the San Antonio - El Paso route and the Rio Grande Valley.
Abandoned March 15, 1861, when Federal troops were withdrawn from
Texas.
Marker Title: San Lorenzo de La Santa Cruz
Address: SH 55, about 2 mi N of Camp Wood
City: Camp Wood
County: Real
Year Marker Erected: 1936
Marker Location: from Camp Wood go north on SH 55 approximately .2
miles
Marker Text: Founded by Franciscan missionaries among the Lipan Apache
Indians in 1762. Abandoned in 1769.
Marker Title: Near Route of Famous Cattle Trail
Address: US 83, S of Leakey
City: Leakey
County: Real
Year Marker Erected: 1968
Marker Location: from Leakey go south on US Highway 83 approximately
5.2 miles to R.O.W.
Marker Text: One of many "feeder trails" in Texas that converged
with the legendary Chisholm Trail above the Red River, this route
directed thousands of longhorns to northern markets during the first
year after the Civil War. Many local settlers took part in the drives,
which lasted for months, and their tales are full of stampedes and
Indian raids. At times, the trail was used by herds of 200-300 hogs
being driven 40 miles to local markets. The cattle industry and trails
such as this helped save Texas' economy -- torn by the Civil War --
and enriched pioneer folklore. (1968)
Marker Title: Leakey Cemetery
Address: RR 337 and School Lane
City: Leakey
County: Real
Year Marker Erected: 1988
Marker Location: Corner of School Lane and RR 337 near cemetery entrance;
Leakey Marker Text: Originally known as the Floral Cemetery and serving
an earlier community by that name, this cemetery dates to at least
1881. Land for the graveyard was sold by John and Nancy Leakey for
one dollar and a cemetery plot. The oldest documented burials here
are those of Sara Catherine McLaurin (b. 1849) and fifteen-year-old
Allen Lease, who were killed on April 19, 1881, in the last Indian
raid in the Frio Canyon area. The next interment was that of Civil
War Veteran John Colter Brice, who died April 30, 1881. The only public
cemetery in the Leakey vicinity, this graveyard contains the burials
of many of the area's early settlers. Gravestones attest to the hardships
of life in the 19th and early 20th centuries and the epidemics of
measles, typhoid fever, diphtheria, and influenza which claimed many
lives. There are over 900 documented burials here, as well as a number
of unmarked graves. Those interred in the Leakey Cemetery include
pioneers, children, elected officials of Real and Edwards counties,
community leaders and veterans. The founder of the town, John Leakey,
and his wife Nancy are both buried here. (1988)
Marker Title: John Leakey
Address: US 83, on Courthouse grounds
City: Leakey
County: Real
Year Marker Erected: 1983
Marker Location: US 83, West side of Courthouse grounds; Leakey
Marker Text: Tennessee native John Leakey (1824-1900) came to Texas
in 1847, settling for a time in Henderson County where he was a brickmason
and rancher. He and his wife Nancy (Patterson) moved to Uvalde County
in 1852 near present day Sabinal. A desire to pursue other endeavors
took him to the Frio Canyon where there was an abundance of cypress
timber. Despite constant threats of Indian attacks, Leakey settled
his family and started a cypress shingle business. He served the Confederacy
as a freighter during the Civil War, hauling provisions for the troops.
Leakey returned to his home after the war to establish a steam sawmill
and to attend to his ranching interests. He also began a school for
the children of the community, and his home often served as a resting
place of itinerant preachers. The town, situated on the Bandera-Edwards
County line, was laid out in 1833 and named in honor of the resourceful
pioneer who donated land for this plaza, a church, school, and cemetery.
Leakey served as county seat of Edwards County until 1891, and became
county seat of Real County when it was organized in 1913. A successful
businessman, Indian fighter and pioneer, John Leakey's contributions
and leadership were vital to the early growth of the area. (1983)
Marker Title: Private Frank Marshall, C. S. A.
Address: US 83, Courthouse grounds
City: Leakey
County: Real
Year Marker Erected: 1965
Marker Location: Courthouse grounds; Leakey
Marker Text: Buried here, 3/10 mile from Camp Wood. A 29-year old
Harrison Countian, symbolizes Texans who died for the Confederacy
in the Arizona-New Mexico campaign. Served from April 19, 1861, till
death June 16, in W. P. Lane Rangers in second front stretched from
San Antonio to Santa Fe. Frontier posts at Camp Wood, Ft. Inge, Ft.
Clark, Camp Hudson, Howard Spring and Ft. Lancaster supported the
1861-1862 campaign to make the Confederacy an ocean-to-ocean nation.
Combat forces included such Texans as Tom Green, Wm. R. Scurry, W.
P. Hardeman and Wm. Steele, all later to be generals in the Confederate
army. Green and Scurry commanded troops that won Battle of Valverde
in Feb. 1862. This victory and others enabled the Confederacy to occupy
Arizona and New Mexico and hope to gain California. However, Texas
troops found their lines too long and supplies an impossible problem.
With scanty food, no blankets, no means of transportation, the army
limped back to Texas. On reaching San Antonio, troops hid near the
Menger Hotel, pooled their rags to dress one man, then sent out for
clothes to cover them so they could go home. Yet these same men re-grouped
and won many victories later in the Civil War. (1965
Marker Title: Site of McLauren Massacre
Address: RR 336, about 6 mi NW of Leakey
City: Leakey
County: Real
Year Marker Erected: 1968
Marker Location: from Leakey take US Highway 83 north 1 mile; then
northwest on RR 336 approximately 5.5 miles.
Marker Text: Occurred here on April 19, 1881. Mrs. Kate McLauren,
her 3 small children, and 15-year old Allen Lease were in the garden
when Lipan Apaches started to plunder the McLauren home. Lease, thinking
pigs were in the house, was shot investigating the noise, and Mrs.
McLauren was killed as she fled the garden. The children were unharmed
and Maud, 6 years old, went for help because Mr. McLauren was away.
Neighbors gave chase for 70 miles. Soldiers from Ft. Clark then took
command, trailed and overtook the Indians in Mexico, killing all but
two. (1968)
Marker Title: Catherine R. McLauren
Address: Leakey Floral Cemetery
City: Leakey
County: Real
Year Marker Erected: 1971
Marker Location: located in southwest corner of Leakey Floral Cemetery;
Leakey Marker Text: A victim of the last Indian raid in Frio Canyon,
April 19, 1881. Mother of three small children, "Kate" McLauren
was home with them and a neighbor boy, Allen Lease, when a Lipan Apache
band started to plunder their house. Although shot with a bullet,
she sent her six-year-old child, Maud, for help, but died shortly
after her husband John's return that night. When the cemetery in Leakey
was established, she and Lease were the first burials. Recorded 1971
Marker Title: Real County
Address: US 83 at Courthouse grounds
City: Leakey
County: Real
Year Marker Erected: 1936
Marker Location: Southwest corner of Courthouse grounds; Leakey
Marker Text: Located on the Edwards Plateau, Real County is in an
area of rolling terrain broken by the canyons of the Frio River. Because
of raids by Comanche, Apache, and Lipan Apache Indians, white settlement
was hindered until after 1881. Mission San Lorenzo de La Santa Cruz
was founded by the Spanish in 1762 near present Camp Wood. The county
was created on April 3, 1913, from Edwards, Kerr, and Bandera counties:
organized on July 26, 1913, it was named in honor of Julius Real (1860-1944),
a prominent businessman and state senator, 1909-1914 and 1924-1928.
Leakey, the county seat, was established by John Leakey (1824-1900),
a pioneer settler in the region. (1968)
Museum Name: Real County Historical Museum
Mailing Address: P. O. Box 258
78873 Street Address: 301 Evergreen
City: Leakey
Area Code: 210
Phone: 232-5330
County: Real
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